Layer 0 is known as the underlying infrastructure. It supports the processing and operations of Layer-1 and helps in scalability and interoperability. It is the foundation layer at which the Layer-1 blockchain is constructed. It serves as the infrastructure for blockchain. As the blockchain network's backbone, it provides a solution to all problems such as scalability and interoperability.
With the help of layer-0, the engineers design Layer-1 blockchain for specific applications or case use. It is mainly concerned with shaping the core architecture and protocol for the blockchain network.
Layer 0 works in several different ways. Each of them has a peculiar design, behavior, and emphasis. Layer 0 protocol works as the main, important, and principal blockchain and serves as a backup for transactional information of various layer-1 chains. A large number of layer-1 chains are made on the layer-0 blockchain. Similarly, there are several cross-chain transfer protocols that are functional due to layer 0.
In layer 0 protocol the sequence of state channels is validated according to the user-defined functions. It includes hardware, systems, servers, nodes, and devices connected to nodes. to improve topology it helps multiple consensus algorithms and peer-to-peer networks, such as proof of work, proof of activity, proof of stake, direct acyclic graphic DAG, and many more.